.
Now we focus on a specific historical passage, the occupation of Veracruz by the U.S. during 1914 and the presence of Hugo Brehme. Again with reference to the recent publication: "Hugo Brehme and Revolution" by the historian Mayra Mendoza.
Photography First block scrutiny: German Marine
Bremen, Veracruz, Veracruz, from April to November 1914.
is the caption on pages 112 and 113 above.
"Hugo Brehme and Revolution, p. 113.
is logical that to get some pictures of that court, a German photographer is the ideal, do not think it was so easy to get on the German cruiser so easily. But the SMS Brehme left Mexico for the last time on 21 January 1914, fortunately the ships have a blog and a little effort it is possible know when and where they were. The SMS Brehme is replaced in its tasks by SMS Dresden ... The Bremen will have a last appearance in American waters, to help with the evacuation of German citizens of the island of Haiti between January and February 1914. The probable date for the stay of Hugo Brehme in the port of Veracruz, one must understand between October and December 1913, since the SMS was Bremen on 24 December in Tampico, and from there went to Haiti. The German ship would be sunk by a Russian mine on 7 December 1915, in the Baltic Sea during the First World War.
In the edition of February 8, 1914, the Berliner Zeitung Illustrite, Germany, placed two photos of the catalog of Brehme, one of Veracruz.
Hugo Brehme, postcard, catalog number Brehme 1140. Same image was published in the Berliner Zeitung Illustrite.
However
at Getty Research Institute: Special Collections, the images Brehme catalog number 5782, 5784, 5179, 5178, 5155, 5180 and 5181, for the SMS Bremen, has handwritten all attributable to Hugo Brehme or partner , "An Bord SMS 'Bremen' vor Veracruz, April 1914" ...
That is simply not possible. In April 1914 he was in Germany, to re-equip with new artillery.
The bottom photo on page 113, for the Texas American ship, carried on its cover. It is important to further reflection between the events of the American intervention in Veracruz, the presence of ships Bremen and Texas, and the photographer Hugo Brehme.
early twentieth century, visits to military fleets, was a way of showing the military might of a nation, but also a synonym of status for those who received them. Since 1903 the U.S. conducted regular visits to France and England, and vice versa, Germany wanted a similar treatment did not have. Under pressure
diplomatic, the new battle ship USS Kearsage was sent to the German port of Kiel with other cruisers, June 26, 1903, while seeking to circumvent a diplomatic incident, just that happened when the Germans were accused of forcing a visit to inspect the state of American technology, in other words espionage.
Following visits were suspended German ports operative situation in 1911 when circumstances forced back to the U.S. Navy to schedule another visit to the port of Kiel, conducted by a training ship, an act taken as an insult by the Germans, given the relative unimportance of the ship. The new situation put the U.S. government in the unavoidable situation of paying a visit in shape, with consequent German reciprocity.
On May 11, 1912 the battle ship SMS Moltke, and the light cruiser Stettin sail from Kiel, reaching 30 to Virginia, USA, were later joined by the SMS Bremen, visiting U.S. ports continues until 14 June.
SMS Moltke firing salvo of greeting SMS SMS Stettin and Bremen in Hampton Roads, Virginia (USA), unknown author, June 3, 1912. Library of Congress, USA.
As an immediate result of the visit, the Americans realized the tremendous capacity of the fleet operational German, with the possibility to prowl U.S. waters from their bases in Germany, its formidable firepower, speed, and training. Panic spread, and seek ways to strengthen coastal defenses, modernize its fleet, and be under surveillance by German ships stationed in the Caribbean. There was a well-founded fear that started a war the Germans could attack the trade routes and ports on the Atlantic coast; constant fear until after the Battle of Jutland frontal encounter between English and German fleet in May / June 1916, where virtually faced all of the two armies, with an uncertain outcome, where the Germans were unaware that they had taken the best part and they thought otherwise, feeling that again inhibited to put their fleet at sea. After the outbreak of hostilities between Germans and British in 1914, the SMS Dresden show as the fear was well founded when the German Admiral Spee's squadron, which belonged to the British defeat at the Battle of Coronel, off Chile, November 1 1914, and requires the mobilization of both the Royal Navy in the South Pacific and South Atlantic, to give chase, the odyssey of SMS Dresden has material for several books, and even there the legend that in the port of Tampico, collected a treasure consists of jewelry and capital of foreigners in the city, all of which ended at the bottom of the sea in the Chilean coast. On May 18, 1912, floated the USS Texas ...
"Hugo Brehme and Revolution, p. 113.
March 12, 1914 comicionó the USS Texas, entering his period of training under these circumstances was surprised by the incident in Veracruz, being on par with its twin the USS New York, commissioned the April 15, 1914, the most modern and powerful ships of the U.S. fleet.
On April 26, 1914 its impressive silhouette was seen in Veracruz, staying in the vicinity until 8 August when Stern puts bound for New York. October November 4 will act on the basis of Tuxpan, and again in the port of Veracruz in December 1914.
That's obvious the impact of the intervention in Veracruz, Mexico and the United States, but also further soured relations with Germany. Initially the pretext to intervene was brewing in the port of Tampico, but to know the imminent arrival of the German ship Ypiranga to Veracruz, with a cargo of arms for the government of General Huerta, took the hasty decision to take the office of Veracruz along with the arms shipment.
Actually although it is mentioned widely Ypiranga, two German ships also was charging the same destination and reason, the Bavaria and Dania. The Ypiranga is captured by the Americans before arriving at the port and unload, which contravened international treaties, the ideal situation was when downloading capture it in words other than to intervene in another country for acts of piracy against Germany To complicate matters further the master of SMS Dresden Ypiranga captain ordered the evacuation of German citizens with his ship, making it part of the German navy, and not just a commercial vessel on May 25 released to Ypiranga with full load, the top 28 Puerto Mexico, delivering cargo to its rightful owner, the delay however becomes an facto determinant in the fate of Huerta.
On July 24, 1914, the order is given to all German naval units to return to their bases in Germany, on August 5, Germany is at war with England, France and Russia.
The U.S. government, as always, under the mask of a double standard was enacted by neutrality, while he sided with Britain and its allies, Germany repeatedly denounce the lack of neutrality of the United States. On May 7, 1915, there would be the "casus belli" for the United States' entry into the war, the sinking of the RMS Lusitania estate, where 123 Americans were traveling, and of course a huge quantity of weapons. The Lusitania would have much to say but go back to Mexico.
strained relationship between the United States, Germany, last war, Mexico would play a role. The visible face of the Americans was neutrality, in which the vast majority of public opinion was consistent, although there was a large part of American society openly in favor of Germany. Even the reporter and Edwin Emerson American secret agent, assigned to monitor the general Victoriano Huerta in 1911 tie it as a double agent with interests in Germany, from 1914 to 1917 takes money to make propaganda for Germany, years later, 1933, would make propaganda for the Nazi party.
However, it is likely that the captain of the USS Texas, let a German photographer in Mexico, go up to the best weapon the United States Navy during military operations in mid to late 1914 ... The collection
Getty also found photos of the USS New York attributed to Brehme, the flagship of Admiral Frank Fletcher, a unit that served in Veracruz until July 1914 Breheme number 5558.
"Admiral Fletcher Brehme consent to have on your boat?
Getty's photo, Breheme 5415. "Achter USS Geschützturme an Bord Wyoming Veracruz Mai vor 1914. " It is another case of the same unknown and can not be earlier than May 18 when he arrived at the port, or after October.
There are other military vessels portrayed from the outside, likely option for Brehme. USS Connecticut; Breheme 4791. "U.S. Battleship 'Connecticut' vor Veracruz Mai 1914. Connecticut, present from May 5 in Tampa, and participated in the landing of Veracruz, Mexico's water is removed on July 2, then it must be photographed before 5 May.
Getty, Brehme number 5187. Französisches 'Dampschif' 'Condé', Panzerkreuzer, vor Veracruz, Mai 1914 ", the cruise French landed at Veracruz on 13 May.
Following the review of the book stopped at page 109, two photographs of the "marines", the upper corresponds to Getty, 64. 5411. "Invasions," Amerikanische Truppen im Veracruz, Mai 1914. "
Given the need to replace the Marines (USMC) and marine (Blue jacks), ground activities to return them to their ships, they form a group of infantry under General Frederick Funston, the troops transported by Kilpatrick , Meade, Summer and McClellan, landed at Veracruz on May 30. Paying attention to the photographs we see that the uniforms are not Marines, but Army ...
images credited to Hugo Brehme occupation of Veracruz from April to June.
With the U.S. occupation of the port, communication with the interior becomes very difficult, it is possible to reach the port but not directly by rail, it would add the controls established by the occupying forces to allow passage. The Americans maintain a rail service between Veracruz and scrapie, about 8 kilometers from the port, the two machines repairing abandoned on 21 April, the largest Head Zayas military trains had left the rest of the rolling equipment, saving more than twenty machines and all cars could attach, after passing the Cocos Station, built a 50-meter stretch of the road to prevent passage. Although not given a direct confrontation between federal troops and U.S., there are possible on the perimeter shooting, and U.S. reconnaissance flights are routinely harassed.
In front of the complications of travel, Hugo Brehme a lengthy stay in Veracruz or is several times?
"Hugo Brehme and Revolution, p. 106. Getty 98.r.5-102, catalog number Brehme 5587. The camp "of coconuts" was probably in the present population of Valente Díaz, as well as the Tuileries station, about 10 km. port therefore needed people and goods move between this point and scrapie, foot, limber or animal traction.
spent two months in the port seems to us too long to work, how to be economically profitable for Brehme. We found no evidence of a traveling survey mounted by Brehme in the harbor.
Tradition says: "went to Veracruz as a correspondent for Casasola agency to record the events of the occupation," was indeed so ...
's dig into the personal lives of Brehme for details.
Remitámonos to information provided by Dennis Brehme, grandson of the photographer, in its various biographical essays about his grandfather, and who kindly gave us one.
Her grandmother was pregnant when the decision was taken by Hugo Brehme and his wife to leave Mexico and reside in California, USA.
Arno Hugo, son, born on December 2, 1914, we can speculate that it was conceived in March and April, then at the time of the invasion of Veracruz and in the very near future, the new Augusta tells Hugo, hope a baby. Brehme's family had a history of two pregnancies failed, adding it to the problem of civil war, Hugo must have felt pressed to make the decision to leave.
take another witness as a reference: the February 5, 2007, Ana Silvia Hernandez, published a small note on the Internet, in relation to his grandfather Jerónimo Hernández Photographer: "The above photo" Adelita "took my paternal grandfather Jerónimo Hernández Maldonado, who sometimes signed Geronimo. Born in Ojo de Agua de Hernandez "near Acatic, Jalisco. Left home to study his father not to leave, and ended as a photographer of the revolution, with the tragic ten unleashed upon the death of Madero, the newspaper where he worked on fire and about to marry apparently promised my grandmother to leave the life of photographer and settle. Never spoke to her children from her work and donated all his photographic archive Casasola his friend. "
The same Agustin Victor Casasola, take momentous decisions on the basis of their personal safety. The death of his friend and colleague, Ignacio Herrerías in August 1912, a reporter for "The Fair", while traveling by train with the intention of meeting with Zapata, it will dial. Preferring a cautious approach to the conflict, leaving others to risk their lives.
Ignacio Escobar, brother of photographer Aurelio Escobar C., also a photographer and employee HJ Gutiérrez, is beaten by the tragedy in 1914. On August 29 tackles in the SS Morro Castle Veracruz bound New York, appears to be Mexican, 33 years old, married, a professional photographer, located at the second New Mexico 30. That same year his son was born shortly after his wife Catherine dies, the child is in charge of Heliodorus J. Gutierrez and his wife Maria Luisa Velez who adopt it as a legitimate child. Ignacio migrated to the United States spent 15 years in this country devoted to photography.
A camera does not turn the individual into a super hero, are human beings with feelings, fears and anxieties as we are, interrelated with other humans, sometimes, with love and Carrino. The image shows us his grandfather Dennis Brehme is a sensitive and gentle man, loving your family, and with a clear notion of right.
The output of the Brehme was forever, and had obtained residence visas, Hugo had to remove their study and pack everything, when he did that ...
One day before starting their journey to the United States, the couple goes to Brehme Theatre, Don Juan Tenorio is the choice, we have no specific date of when it happened, but Don Juan Tenorio is a play seasonal mounts every year around the Day of the Dead, in the seasons are long now, the traditional staging is only a few days in late October and early November. While Mexico goodbye to sitting in a seat in your home are stolen, missing something that prevents them from migrating to California.
We have two stories that do not match and should, on one hand Hugo Brehme excited by the prospect of parenthood, the need to protect your family, and on the other side sticking to the photographic records attributed to him in the same period is when most leaves his family, leaving her to travel, where making more interest in recording the "revolution" and risking his life ...
On April 23, 1914, U.S. closes embassy in Mexico City, and technically suspending diplomatic relations, Nelson O'Shaughnessy "business manager", title held by the U.S. government representative, along with his staff Veracruz had embarked on a special train provided by Gen. Huerta.
The only place where Hugo Brehme could apply for visa, residence permit and migration was Veracruz.
life cycles are not precise but are chronometrically rhythm, human pregnancy is considered average of 266 days but can go from 259 to 294. Children often are conceived after a party, in some cultures the days most likely to spawn future generations are filled by festivities for the same reason. A Hugo Brehme not very fond of parties, however attend a March 15, 1914, as surely as a guest photographer too, the country festival with entertainment by the famous musician Julian Carrillo was in Xochimilco, a place which Brehme had a special affection, reason: to celebrate the Kaiser, was a race in the Deutscher Ruderrein Mexiko, in the neighborhood of the Assumption, food, etc.., etc.
Hugo Brehme, racing in the German Club, Xochimilco 1914, catalog Brehme 3551, cortesía de Carlos Villasana.
"15 de marzo de 1914. Fue una nota brillante la fiesta campestre efectuada en Xochimilco..."
“La Colonia Alemana, con el fin de festejar la exaltación al trono del emperador Guillermo de Alemania, con la celebración de regatas. Pasean en las trajineras enfloradas los alumnos de la Academia nacional de Bellas Artes, encabezados por su director Julián Carrillo…”
Apapálotl: historia compendiada de Xochimilco. Sergio Cordero Espinosa.
Sí Arno Brehme nace el 2 de diciembre de 1914, por media (266 días) fue concebido el 10 de marzo, o bien tras la fiesta del 15…(desviación típica en la gestación 16-day human)
The historical record often resort to speculation, that allow us to establish potential sources in the absence of clear. Awareness of pregnancy by Brehme, generates a chain of logical events. After the design had to spend at least 42 days to have knowledge of the pregnancy, from 14 to 20 April or so. After some days of reflection the Brehme decided to leave Mexico, and by mid May or early Hugo is routed to the port to make arrangements, Augusta did not have a good view of the port, did not speak English, and between security reasons, prefer wait at home did not find Hugo in Veracruz a window for expedited proceedings and needed about a month to achieve its mission, with the anxiety of separation during this time had to do some pictures, considering that their arrival in California will be useful, the change of residence would involve a change in their professional trend. During the months of July to October, its activity must be dwindling to a complete stop. Assuming
Hugo Brehme option left Mexico City between 22 and 27 April without knowledge of pregnancy, to create the possibility of staying at least a day in Veracruz during that month, after his return in June entire event and must Veracruz again between June and October this way the possibilities indicate that Hugo Brehme August step in Veracruz, and most of the pregnancy progressed to Augusta in solitude ... Another option would be Hugo traveled to Veracruz and there is entire pregnancy, taking the opportunity to extend their stay to apply for a visa, but need to wait to send him documents from the city of Mexico, for example pictures of Augusta.
For any path chosen, we must consider the factor "visit to Veracruz to process documents." To that add other details such as Hugo Brehme feasibility of addressing the American warships, the length of stay according to accredited photographic records, and love between Hugo and Augusta.
go back to the theft, the vast majority of migrants arrived in the United States did virtually nothing, the cardboard suitcase and the hope of a new life. 12 million in New York landed at the immigration station on Ellis Island, for their most valuable assets: health and their documents in order to penetrate.
Brehme option was to leave for Mexico in Veracruz and arrived in New York, despite the occupation, the fumes continued to provide its services. If the theft occurred last scheduled day of stay in the city of Mexico, all was packed ... and the only thing was irreplaceable as visa, residence documents ... they could steal with steam tickets, money, including cameras, anything else was irrelevant. The simple theft of documents is not logical, was accompanied by something else.
Everything was ready to take him ...
In this type of theft servitude knows what, where, and when taken away.
In the book "Foreign travelers in the State of Mexico" by Margarita García Luna O, and Joseph N. Iturriaga de la Fuente, says: "Because of the revolution, in 1914 the family Brehme decided to emigrate to America, but on the eve of his departure, while attending the theater, his house was almost emptied by thieves. "
Family Brehme, 1920 ca.
Now we focus on a specific historical passage, the occupation of Veracruz by the U.S. during 1914 and the presence of Hugo Brehme. Again with reference to the recent publication: "Hugo Brehme and Revolution" by the historian Mayra Mendoza.
Photography First block scrutiny: German Marine
Bremen, Veracruz, Veracruz, from April to November 1914.
is the caption on pages 112 and 113 above.
"Hugo Brehme and Revolution, p. 113. is logical that to get some pictures of that court, a German photographer is the ideal, do not think it was so easy to get on the German cruiser so easily. But the SMS Brehme left Mexico for the last time on 21 January 1914, fortunately the ships have a blog and a little effort it is possible know when and where they were. The SMS Brehme is replaced in its tasks by SMS Dresden ... The Bremen will have a last appearance in American waters, to help with the evacuation of German citizens of the island of Haiti between January and February 1914. The probable date for the stay of Hugo Brehme in the port of Veracruz, one must understand between October and December 1913, since the SMS was Bremen on 24 December in Tampico, and from there went to Haiti. The German ship would be sunk by a Russian mine on 7 December 1915, in the Baltic Sea during the First World War.
In the edition of February 8, 1914, the Berliner Zeitung Illustrite, Germany, placed two photos of the catalog of Brehme, one of Veracruz.
Hugo Brehme, postcard, catalog number Brehme 1140. Same image was published in the Berliner Zeitung Illustrite. However
at Getty Research Institute: Special Collections, the images Brehme catalog number 5782, 5784, 5179, 5178, 5155, 5180 and 5181, for the SMS Bremen, has handwritten all attributable to Hugo Brehme or partner , "An Bord SMS 'Bremen' vor Veracruz, April 1914" ...
That is simply not possible. In April 1914 he was in Germany, to re-equip with new artillery.
The bottom photo on page 113, for the Texas American ship, carried on its cover. It is important to further reflection between the events of the American intervention in Veracruz, the presence of ships Bremen and Texas, and the photographer Hugo Brehme.
early twentieth century, visits to military fleets, was a way of showing the military might of a nation, but also a synonym of status for those who received them. Since 1903 the U.S. conducted regular visits to France and England, and vice versa, Germany wanted a similar treatment did not have. Under pressure
diplomatic, the new battle ship USS Kearsage was sent to the German port of Kiel with other cruisers, June 26, 1903, while seeking to circumvent a diplomatic incident, just that happened when the Germans were accused of forcing a visit to inspect the state of American technology, in other words espionage.
Following visits were suspended German ports operative situation in 1911 when circumstances forced back to the U.S. Navy to schedule another visit to the port of Kiel, conducted by a training ship, an act taken as an insult by the Germans, given the relative unimportance of the ship. The new situation put the U.S. government in the unavoidable situation of paying a visit in shape, with consequent German reciprocity.
On May 11, 1912 the battle ship SMS Moltke, and the light cruiser Stettin sail from Kiel, reaching 30 to Virginia, USA, were later joined by the SMS Bremen, visiting U.S. ports continues until 14 June.
SMS Moltke firing salvo of greeting SMS SMS Stettin and Bremen in Hampton Roads, Virginia (USA), unknown author, June 3, 1912. Library of Congress, USA. As an immediate result of the visit, the Americans realized the tremendous capacity of the fleet operational German, with the possibility to prowl U.S. waters from their bases in Germany, its formidable firepower, speed, and training. Panic spread, and seek ways to strengthen coastal defenses, modernize its fleet, and be under surveillance by German ships stationed in the Caribbean. There was a well-founded fear that started a war the Germans could attack the trade routes and ports on the Atlantic coast; constant fear until after the Battle of Jutland frontal encounter between English and German fleet in May / June 1916, where virtually faced all of the two armies, with an uncertain outcome, where the Germans were unaware that they had taken the best part and they thought otherwise, feeling that again inhibited to put their fleet at sea. After the outbreak of hostilities between Germans and British in 1914, the SMS Dresden show as the fear was well founded when the German Admiral Spee's squadron, which belonged to the British defeat at the Battle of Coronel, off Chile, November 1 1914, and requires the mobilization of both the Royal Navy in the South Pacific and South Atlantic, to give chase, the odyssey of SMS Dresden has material for several books, and even there the legend that in the port of Tampico, collected a treasure consists of jewelry and capital of foreigners in the city, all of which ended at the bottom of the sea in the Chilean coast. On May 18, 1912, floated the USS Texas ...
"Hugo Brehme and Revolution, p. 113. March 12, 1914 comicionó the USS Texas, entering his period of training under these circumstances was surprised by the incident in Veracruz, being on par with its twin the USS New York, commissioned the April 15, 1914, the most modern and powerful ships of the U.S. fleet.
On April 26, 1914 its impressive silhouette was seen in Veracruz, staying in the vicinity until 8 August when Stern puts bound for New York. October November 4 will act on the basis of Tuxpan, and again in the port of Veracruz in December 1914.
That's obvious the impact of the intervention in Veracruz, Mexico and the United States, but also further soured relations with Germany. Initially the pretext to intervene was brewing in the port of Tampico, but to know the imminent arrival of the German ship Ypiranga to Veracruz, with a cargo of arms for the government of General Huerta, took the hasty decision to take the office of Veracruz along with the arms shipment.
Actually although it is mentioned widely Ypiranga, two German ships also was charging the same destination and reason, the Bavaria and Dania. The Ypiranga is captured by the Americans before arriving at the port and unload, which contravened international treaties, the ideal situation was when downloading capture it in words other than to intervene in another country for acts of piracy against Germany To complicate matters further the master of SMS Dresden Ypiranga captain ordered the evacuation of German citizens with his ship, making it part of the German navy, and not just a commercial vessel on May 25 released to Ypiranga with full load, the top 28 Puerto Mexico, delivering cargo to its rightful owner, the delay however becomes an facto determinant in the fate of Huerta.
On July 24, 1914, the order is given to all German naval units to return to their bases in Germany, on August 5, Germany is at war with England, France and Russia.
The U.S. government, as always, under the mask of a double standard was enacted by neutrality, while he sided with Britain and its allies, Germany repeatedly denounce the lack of neutrality of the United States. On May 7, 1915, there would be the "casus belli" for the United States' entry into the war, the sinking of the RMS Lusitania estate, where 123 Americans were traveling, and of course a huge quantity of weapons. The Lusitania would have much to say but go back to Mexico.
strained relationship between the United States, Germany, last war, Mexico would play a role. The visible face of the Americans was neutrality, in which the vast majority of public opinion was consistent, although there was a large part of American society openly in favor of Germany. Even the reporter and Edwin Emerson American secret agent, assigned to monitor the general Victoriano Huerta in 1911 tie it as a double agent with interests in Germany, from 1914 to 1917 takes money to make propaganda for Germany, years later, 1933, would make propaganda for the Nazi party.
However, it is likely that the captain of the USS Texas, let a German photographer in Mexico, go up to the best weapon the United States Navy during military operations in mid to late 1914 ... The collection
Getty also found photos of the USS New York attributed to Brehme, the flagship of Admiral Frank Fletcher, a unit that served in Veracruz until July 1914 Breheme number 5558.
"Admiral Fletcher Brehme consent to have on your boat?
Getty's photo, Breheme 5415. "Achter USS Geschützturme an Bord Wyoming Veracruz Mai vor 1914. " It is another case of the same unknown and can not be earlier than May 18 when he arrived at the port, or after October.
There are other military vessels portrayed from the outside, likely option for Brehme. USS Connecticut; Breheme 4791. "U.S. Battleship 'Connecticut' vor Veracruz Mai 1914. Connecticut, present from May 5 in Tampa, and participated in the landing of Veracruz, Mexico's water is removed on July 2, then it must be photographed before 5 May.
Getty, Brehme number 5187. Französisches 'Dampschif' 'Condé', Panzerkreuzer, vor Veracruz, Mai 1914 ", the cruise French landed at Veracruz on 13 May.
Following the review of the book stopped at page 109, two photographs of the "marines", the upper corresponds to Getty, 64. 5411. "Invasions," Amerikanische Truppen im Veracruz, Mai 1914. "
Given the need to replace the Marines (USMC) and marine (Blue jacks), ground activities to return them to their ships, they form a group of infantry under General Frederick Funston, the troops transported by Kilpatrick , Meade, Summer and McClellan, landed at Veracruz on May 30. Paying attention to the photographs we see that the uniforms are not Marines, but Army ...
images credited to Hugo Brehme occupation of Veracruz from April to June.
With the U.S. occupation of the port, communication with the interior becomes very difficult, it is possible to reach the port but not directly by rail, it would add the controls established by the occupying forces to allow passage. The Americans maintain a rail service between Veracruz and scrapie, about 8 kilometers from the port, the two machines repairing abandoned on 21 April, the largest Head Zayas military trains had left the rest of the rolling equipment, saving more than twenty machines and all cars could attach, after passing the Cocos Station, built a 50-meter stretch of the road to prevent passage. Although not given a direct confrontation between federal troops and U.S., there are possible on the perimeter shooting, and U.S. reconnaissance flights are routinely harassed.
In front of the complications of travel, Hugo Brehme a lengthy stay in Veracruz or is several times?
"Hugo Brehme and Revolution, p. 106. Getty 98.r.5-102, catalog number Brehme 5587. The camp "of coconuts" was probably in the present population of Valente Díaz, as well as the Tuileries station, about 10 km. port therefore needed people and goods move between this point and scrapie, foot, limber or animal traction. spent two months in the port seems to us too long to work, how to be economically profitable for Brehme. We found no evidence of a traveling survey mounted by Brehme in the harbor.
Tradition says: "went to Veracruz as a correspondent for Casasola agency to record the events of the occupation," was indeed so ...
's dig into the personal lives of Brehme for details.
Remitámonos to information provided by Dennis Brehme, grandson of the photographer, in its various biographical essays about his grandfather, and who kindly gave us one.
Her grandmother was pregnant when the decision was taken by Hugo Brehme and his wife to leave Mexico and reside in California, USA.
Arno Hugo, son, born on December 2, 1914, we can speculate that it was conceived in March and April, then at the time of the invasion of Veracruz and in the very near future, the new Augusta tells Hugo, hope a baby. Brehme's family had a history of two pregnancies failed, adding it to the problem of civil war, Hugo must have felt pressed to make the decision to leave.
take another witness as a reference: the February 5, 2007, Ana Silvia Hernandez, published a small note on the Internet, in relation to his grandfather Jerónimo Hernández Photographer: "The above photo" Adelita "took my paternal grandfather Jerónimo Hernández Maldonado, who sometimes signed Geronimo. Born in Ojo de Agua de Hernandez "near Acatic, Jalisco. Left home to study his father not to leave, and ended as a photographer of the revolution, with the tragic ten unleashed upon the death of Madero, the newspaper where he worked on fire and about to marry apparently promised my grandmother to leave the life of photographer and settle. Never spoke to her children from her work and donated all his photographic archive Casasola his friend. "
The same Agustin Victor Casasola, take momentous decisions on the basis of their personal safety. The death of his friend and colleague, Ignacio Herrerías in August 1912, a reporter for "The Fair", while traveling by train with the intention of meeting with Zapata, it will dial. Preferring a cautious approach to the conflict, leaving others to risk their lives.
Ignacio Escobar, brother of photographer Aurelio Escobar C., also a photographer and employee HJ Gutiérrez, is beaten by the tragedy in 1914. On August 29 tackles in the SS Morro Castle Veracruz bound New York, appears to be Mexican, 33 years old, married, a professional photographer, located at the second New Mexico 30. That same year his son was born shortly after his wife Catherine dies, the child is in charge of Heliodorus J. Gutierrez and his wife Maria Luisa Velez who adopt it as a legitimate child. Ignacio migrated to the United States spent 15 years in this country devoted to photography.
A camera does not turn the individual into a super hero, are human beings with feelings, fears and anxieties as we are, interrelated with other humans, sometimes, with love and Carrino. The image shows us his grandfather Dennis Brehme is a sensitive and gentle man, loving your family, and with a clear notion of right.
The output of the Brehme was forever, and had obtained residence visas, Hugo had to remove their study and pack everything, when he did that ...
One day before starting their journey to the United States, the couple goes to Brehme Theatre, Don Juan Tenorio is the choice, we have no specific date of when it happened, but Don Juan Tenorio is a play seasonal mounts every year around the Day of the Dead, in the seasons are long now, the traditional staging is only a few days in late October and early November. While Mexico goodbye to sitting in a seat in your home are stolen, missing something that prevents them from migrating to California.
We have two stories that do not match and should, on one hand Hugo Brehme excited by the prospect of parenthood, the need to protect your family, and on the other side sticking to the photographic records attributed to him in the same period is when most leaves his family, leaving her to travel, where making more interest in recording the "revolution" and risking his life ...
On April 23, 1914, U.S. closes embassy in Mexico City, and technically suspending diplomatic relations, Nelson O'Shaughnessy "business manager", title held by the U.S. government representative, along with his staff Veracruz had embarked on a special train provided by Gen. Huerta.
The only place where Hugo Brehme could apply for visa, residence permit and migration was Veracruz.
life cycles are not precise but are chronometrically rhythm, human pregnancy is considered average of 266 days but can go from 259 to 294. Children often are conceived after a party, in some cultures the days most likely to spawn future generations are filled by festivities for the same reason. A Hugo Brehme not very fond of parties, however attend a March 15, 1914, as surely as a guest photographer too, the country festival with entertainment by the famous musician Julian Carrillo was in Xochimilco, a place which Brehme had a special affection, reason: to celebrate the Kaiser, was a race in the Deutscher Ruderrein Mexiko, in the neighborhood of the Assumption, food, etc.., etc.
Hugo Brehme, racing in the German Club, Xochimilco 1914, catalog Brehme 3551, cortesía de Carlos Villasana. "15 de marzo de 1914. Fue una nota brillante la fiesta campestre efectuada en Xochimilco..."
“La Colonia Alemana, con el fin de festejar la exaltación al trono del emperador Guillermo de Alemania, con la celebración de regatas. Pasean en las trajineras enfloradas los alumnos de la Academia nacional de Bellas Artes, encabezados por su director Julián Carrillo…”
Apapálotl: historia compendiada de Xochimilco. Sergio Cordero Espinosa.
Sí Arno Brehme nace el 2 de diciembre de 1914, por media (266 días) fue concebido el 10 de marzo, o bien tras la fiesta del 15…(desviación típica en la gestación 16-day human)
The historical record often resort to speculation, that allow us to establish potential sources in the absence of clear. Awareness of pregnancy by Brehme, generates a chain of logical events. After the design had to spend at least 42 days to have knowledge of the pregnancy, from 14 to 20 April or so. After some days of reflection the Brehme decided to leave Mexico, and by mid May or early Hugo is routed to the port to make arrangements, Augusta did not have a good view of the port, did not speak English, and between security reasons, prefer wait at home did not find Hugo in Veracruz a window for expedited proceedings and needed about a month to achieve its mission, with the anxiety of separation during this time had to do some pictures, considering that their arrival in California will be useful, the change of residence would involve a change in their professional trend. During the months of July to October, its activity must be dwindling to a complete stop. Assuming
Hugo Brehme option left Mexico City between 22 and 27 April without knowledge of pregnancy, to create the possibility of staying at least a day in Veracruz during that month, after his return in June entire event and must Veracruz again between June and October this way the possibilities indicate that Hugo Brehme August step in Veracruz, and most of the pregnancy progressed to Augusta in solitude ... Another option would be Hugo traveled to Veracruz and there is entire pregnancy, taking the opportunity to extend their stay to apply for a visa, but need to wait to send him documents from the city of Mexico, for example pictures of Augusta.
For any path chosen, we must consider the factor "visit to Veracruz to process documents." To that add other details such as Hugo Brehme feasibility of addressing the American warships, the length of stay according to accredited photographic records, and love between Hugo and Augusta.
go back to the theft, the vast majority of migrants arrived in the United States did virtually nothing, the cardboard suitcase and the hope of a new life. 12 million in New York landed at the immigration station on Ellis Island, for their most valuable assets: health and their documents in order to penetrate.
Brehme option was to leave for Mexico in Veracruz and arrived in New York, despite the occupation, the fumes continued to provide its services. If the theft occurred last scheduled day of stay in the city of Mexico, all was packed ... and the only thing was irreplaceable as visa, residence documents ... they could steal with steam tickets, money, including cameras, anything else was irrelevant. The simple theft of documents is not logical, was accompanied by something else.
Everything was ready to take him ...
In this type of theft servitude knows what, where, and when taken away.
In the book "Foreign travelers in the State of Mexico" by Margarita García Luna O, and Joseph N. Iturriaga de la Fuente, says: "Because of the revolution, in 1914 the family Brehme decided to emigrate to America, but on the eve of his departure, while attending the theater, his house was almost emptied by thieves. "
Family Brehme, 1920 ca. 
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